cuatro.1 EHS during 1951–1980
The only EHS covering at least three stations during the first half of the 60-year study period occurred in 1972. Observed at 16 stations, it covered vast areas of western Russia and some adjacent areas to the north (Fig. 1). Indeed, this exceptionally hot summer was spatially the second largest during the study period and in the northern half of the area examined it was the hottest (Table 4). During all three summer months, singleasiangirls date site the average temperature was above the long-term average, but August was the hottest. In the central part of the area, this was the hottest August of the entire period. The temperature difference between the long-term average and the temperature of the particular season ranged from 2.3 to 2.7 °C in the far north, to 3.6–3.9 °C in the far south, to 4.5 °C at Tambov (t ? t av + 3?). Days with a temperature higher than 30 °C were recorded even in the north, where they were very rare in other years, while in the south there were 50 such days (two to three times more than the average). In the south, there were also days with a maximum temperature greater than 35 °C. Throughout the area there were cases of hot nights, i.e., 24-h days with a minimum temperature higher than 20 °C, including for example six such days in Arhangel’sk (compared to 0.4 on average) and 17 in Voronez (normally 2.6).
These uncommon thermal defects when you look at the west Russia were caused by a quasi-fixed anticyclonic movement (Bardin 2007). Current lookup (Zveryaev ainsi que al. 2012) implies that the summer months off 1972 are characterised because of the self-confident stage of North Atlantic Oscillation.
4.dos EHS through the 1981–1990
The outstanding summer of this 12 months secured this new main and you can eastern parts of European Russia (Fig. 2). This new EHS was observed on eight stations, like the easternmost Ivdel’ (in which it was really the only eg summer into the months) and Ekaterinburg. Inside Kirov and you can Perm, this was the greatest june of the several months. The typical air heat across the area is higher than the fresh new long-identity mediocre by dos.5–step 3.step three °C. The temperature was higher than new enough time-term mediocre in most about three summer-time, however, August is actually the actual only real very scorching week and only at the half of all the station (for instance the most widely used of the entire several months when you look at the Ivdel’, Ekaterinburg and you may Perm), whenever you are Summer and you can July don’t meet with the traditional. You will find a considerable number of weeks with an optimum temperature greater than 30 °C, particularly in the southern area (20–twenty five, on average nine–11). Only regarding southwest area of the urban area, there were weeks that have lowest temperatures exceeding 20 °C (Dining table 5).
Summer time off 1988 try exceptionally scorching and you may, as with 1981, heavens heat anomalies protected main and you will eastern elements of Western european Russia, while the affected area are smaller associated with merely four stations (Fig. 2). Into the around three north programs, this was the greatest, plus your situation off Kotlas, in addition to the simply EHS on studies several months. The difference between the average much time-label additionally the EHS average temperature varied away from dos.3 to three.1 °C along side town. July proved such as for instance sizzling hot (at the some stations the greatest of your period). Simply inside Ekaterinburg did brand new temperatures prevent lacking conference the new standards in just about any of your days. There have been more than 10 months with a max temperature significantly more than 30 °C whatsoever the latest stations, and in the south, the amount was nearly 20 (versus anywhere between about three and you will half a dozen normally). Merely isolated cases of days with the absolute minimum temperature more than 20 °C was recorded regarding the south of the affected region (Desk 5).